Hydrocarbons Unlimited

Chemical Synthesis Technologies for a Green World

Case Study: Extensive Biofuel Usage Requires Extensive Terraforming

The founders of Hydrocarbons Unlimited are convinced that the world's energy needs can be substantially covered by biofuels (such as ethanol, biodiesel, and methane), as opposed to other forms of derived solar power (including photovoltaic panels and wind power) only by extensive terraforming and destruction of natural ecologies.

First, quantitatively there is enough solar-derived power to solve the energy crisis, quite likely even without significant terraforming. (Solar-derived is not just photovoltaic panels, but includes wind power, hydroelectric power, and biofuels. The Sun drives both all weather, and the entire biosphere based on photosynthesis rather than chemoautotrophy.) If you like, play with the total solar power available calculator. Interesting numbers to try, possibly with ±0.05% variation to check solar minimum and solar maximum values, are:

Clearly, the only barriers to using renewable energy (either directly, or from storage such as gasoline and diesel/aviation fuel/heating oil/....) at a large enough scale to support a First World lifestyle are technical and environmental. A realistic value for perfectly efficient ground-based solar power would be somewhere between the Sunny Earth and Overcast Earth values.

We do expect properly managed corporations specializing in biofuels to be very profitable in the long-term. Near their place of manufacture, they will have a lower wholesale cost than direct-synthesized gasoline, diesel, or heating oil near their place of manufacture (as opposed to the urban areas where most of the transportation infrastructure is). Our long-term strategy is to help provide direct-synthesized gasoline, diesel, and related products where alternative energy requires too much environmental impact to maintain a First World standard of living.


Conversion Factors
4046.4560102976m²/acre
3.785412l/gal
31536000sec/yr (non-leap years)
6.1GJ/barrel of oil
Ethanol reference data
Specific gravity0.789 kg/l
Heat of combustion29.686 MJ/kg
Reference Data
6.3727976·103 kmQuadratic mean radius of the Earth, 8 significant digits¹
510.072·106 km²Surface area of Earth, 6 significant digits²
148.940·106 km²Land area of Earth, 6 significant digits²
13.31%; 19.82·106 km² Percentage of land which is arable but not used for crops as of 2005²
4.71%; 7.015·106Percentage of land which is used for crops as of 2005²
17.42 TWhGlobal electricity production as of 2005²
Total Solar Power Available at the Earth's surface
(photovoltaic/wind/hydropower/biofuels/biosphere/...)
Average Insolation, W/m²
Total Solar Power TW

Power equivalent to fully replace various fossil fuels TW
Global production of crude oil, thousands of barrels/day3Year
82,0952010
80,2782009
82,0152008
81,5532007
81,6592006
81,2552005
80,3262004
77,0312003
74,4782002
74,8472001
74,9162000
72,3771999
73,5881998
72,2311997
69,9391996
68,1321995
67,1291994
66,0581993
65,8021992
65,2941991
65,4771990
64,0561989
63,1651988
60,7901987
60,4671986
57,4721985
57,6861984
56,5991983
56,5991982
57,2981981
62,9481980
66,0501979
63,3321978
62,7141977
60,4121976
55,8261975
58,6181974
58,4651973
53,6681972
50,8461971
48,0641970
43,6351969
40,4381968
37,1211967
34,5711966
31,8061965
Allocation of land to crops
Switchgrass
km²
Yield:1150 gal/acre/year
Mass yield:kg of ethanol
Annual energy from burning ethanol for heat:MJ
Annual power from burning ethanol for heat:TW

¹Wikipedia; data pulled July 24, 2008.
²CIA World Factbook; data pulled July 24, 2008.
3British Petroleum; data pulled July 26, 2008 and June 23, 2011
 

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